P2

An operating system is the level of programming that lets you do things with your computer. operating systems perform basic task,such as recognizing input fro m the keyboard,sending output to the display screen,keeping track of files and directories on the disk,and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.




Machine and Peripheral management

Peripheral management controls peripheral devices by sending them commands in their own computer language.When a new peripheral is added, that device's driver is installed into the operating system. The operating systems controls the whole machine and all the components there. It also controls peripherals such as keyboards, mouses and printers.







Security.


However, effective security should plan for what happens if these measures fail, and how data confidentiality can be protected even if computer equipment or media fall into the wrong hands. This is particularly important when it comes to the protection of sensitive information such as financial data.






File manager


A file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user interface to manage files and folders. The most common operations performed on files or groups of files include creating, opening (e.g.viewing, playing, editing or printing), renaming, moving or copying,deleting and searching for files, as well as modifying file attributes, properties and file permission.






Device drivers


In computing, a device driver (commonly referred to as simply a driver) is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type ofdevice that is attached to a computer.

Processor


A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. It’s basic job is to receive input ad provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second.





Motherboard





A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems.





BIOS


A bios is a set of computer instructions in firmware which control input and output operations.





Power Supply.






A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.





Heat sink and fan





A fan-cooled heat sink on the processor of a personal computer. To the right is a smaller heat sink cooling another integrated circuit of the motherboard. In electronic systems, a heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that cools a device by dissipating heat into the surrounding medium.





Hard drive





A hard drive is a disk drive used to read from and write to a hard disk





Configuration.





A configuration is the way a system is set up. Configuration can refer to either hardware or software, or the combination of both.





Ports





In computer networking, a port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint in acomputer's host operating system. A port is associated with an IP address of the host, as well as the type of protocol used for communication.


USB


A universal serial bus (USB) flash drive is a small, portable device that plugs into a computer's USB port. Like a hard disk, a USB flash drive stores information, but with a flash drive you can easily transfer that information from one computer to another.





RAM





RAM (pronounced ramm) is an acronym for random access memory and is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices.





ROM





Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices





Cache





A cache is a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place.





Video Card





A video card is a printed circuit board controlling output to a display screen.





Printer





A printer is a machine for printing text or pictures, especially one linked to a computer





Scanner





A scanner is a device that scans documents and converts them into digital data.





Twisted pair cable


Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.





Pen drive





A USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flashdrives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc.





Hard drive.





A hard drive is a disk drive used to read from and write to a hard disk.





In conclusion all the components of a computer are controlled by the computers brain, the CPU. The computer system board is made you of many unified buses which is basically controlled by two bridges called north bridge and south bridge. The north bridge is the RAM and processor and the south bridge is everything else via system buses.